Sufficient Conditions for the Exact Relaxation of Complementarity Constraints for Storages in Multi-period ACOPF

Storage-concerned Alternative Current Optimal Power Flow (ACOPF) with complementarity constraints is highly non-convex and intractable. In this letter, we first derive two types of relaxation conditions, which guarantee no simultaneous charging and discharging (SCD) in the relaxed multi-period ACOPF. Moreover, we prove that the regions on LMPs formed by the proposed two conditions both contain the other four typical ones. We also generalize the application premise of sufficient conditions from the positive electricity price requirements to the negative electricity price scenarios. The case studies verify the exactness and advantages of the proposed method

Porcine RIG-I and MDA5 Signaling CARD Domains Exert Similar Antiviral Function Against Different Viruses

The RIG-I-like receptors (RLRs) RIG-I and MDA5 play critical roles in sensing and fighting viral infections. Although RIG-I and MDA5 have similar molecular structures, these two receptors have distinct features during activation. Further, the signaling domains of the N terminal CARD domains (CARDs) in RIG-I and MDA5 share poor similarity. Therefore, we wonder whether the CARDs of RIG-I and MDA5 play similar roles in signaling and antiviral function. Here we expressed porcine RIG-I and MDA5 CARDs in 293T cells and porcine alveolar macrophages and found that MDA5 CARDs exhibit higher expression and stronger signaling activity than RIG-I CARDs. Nevertheless, both RIG-I and MDA5 CARDs exert comparable antiviral function against several viruses. Transcriptome analysis showed that MDA5 CARDs are more effective in regulating downstream genes. However, in the presence of virus, both RIG-I and MDA5 CARDs exhibit similar effects on downstream gene transcriptions, reflecting their antiviral function

NIR-II fluorescence microscopic bioimaging for intrahepatic angiography and the early detection of Echinococcus multilocularis microlesions

Hepatic alveolar echinococcosis (HAE) is caused by the metacestode of Echinococcus multilocularis, which shows characteristics of malignant tumors with high mortality. However, traditional diagnostic imaging methods are still not sufficient for the recognition of HAE microlesions in the early stages. Near-infrared-II (900–1700 nm, NIR-II) fluorescence microscopic imaging (NIR-II-FMI) has shown great potential for biomedical detection. A novel type of negative target imaging method based on NIR-II-FMI with the assistance of indocyanine green (ICG) was explored. Then, NIR-II-FMI was applied to the early detection of HAE for the first time. The negative targeting NIR-II fluorescence imaging of HAE-infected mice at different stages with the assistance of ICG under 808 nm of laser irradiation was obtained. Especially, HAE microlesions at the early stage were detected clearly. Moreover, clear intrahepatic angiography was achieved under the same NIR-II-FMI system

Which CAM is Better for Extracting Geographic Objects? A Perspective From Principles and Experiments

As a method of deep learning interpretability, class activation mapping (CAM) is efficient and convenient for extracting geographic objects supervised by image-level labels. However, in addition to the inherent problem of inaccuracy and incompleteness of CAM, we have to deal with the spectral and spatial variance of geographic objects when applying CAM methods to remote sensing images. To explore the capabilities of CAM methods on extracting various geographic objects, we make a comprehensive comparison of five commonly-used CAM methods, including original CAM, GradCAM, GradCAM++, SmoothGradCAM++, and ScoreCAM, in four aspects: efficiency; accuracy; effectiveness on dealing with the spectral and spatial variance; and performance of delineating different geographic object categories. The results demonstrate that the original CAM, GradCAM, and GradCAM++ achieves the highest efficiency, accuracy, and integrity for extracting geographic objects, respectively, which can help us choose the appropriate CAM methods according to the specific requirements of different extraction tasks. Benefiting from the capability in extracting various geographic objects and adaptability in complex scenes, GradCAM achieves the best performance in dealing with the spectral and spatial variance problem and shows the advantage of capturing object details and keeping object completeness at the same time. In addition to the comparison experiments and suggestions, we also provide the principle explanations of the performance differences. The findings of this article could contribute to a deep understanding of different CAM methods and benefit to selecting suitable CAM methods for extracting geographic objects from the perspectives of both principles and experiments

Distributed economic operation strategy of charging stations based on consistency algorithm

Considering that the centralized optimization control strategy is difficult to adapt to the access of large-scale electric vehicles, a distributed collaborative control strategy based on consensus algorithm is proposed in this paper to control the operation of multiple charging stations. In order to reduce the computational cost, a charging station aggregation model is established to reduce the optimization variables of large-scale electric vehicle access. According to the dispatching instructions issued by the distribution network, this method takes the economic operation of charging stations as the goal, satisfies the global and local constraints, and realizes the power allocation among charging stations. The case analysis proves the accuracy, effectiveness and robustness of the method, and the adaptability to large-scale electric vehicle access

Improved Reactive Current Detection Method of SVG

The static VAR generator (SVG) is an important device in flexible AC transmission systems (FACTS) for the development of smart grids. Based on the basis principle of SVG and instantaneous reactive power theory, the conventional ip–iq and dq methods have a certain error when the three phase voltages are unbalanced. In this paper, the current detection algorithm is improved in cases of three-phase power asymmetry by using the fundamental positive-sequence reactive current instead of the voltage as the input of phase locked loop (PLL). So the problems caused by unbalanced three-phase voltages could be avoided. In addition, a moving average filter is designed to improve the performance of the detection accuracy and dynamic response. Experiments verify the correctness and effectiveness of the proposed scheme

Research on Harmonic Current Amplification Effect of Parallel APF Compensating Voltage Source Nonlinear Load

A parallel active power filter (APF) is generally used to suppress dynamic harmonic current and compensate reactive power in the grid. However, parallel APF may have a negative effect on the load current when compensating the nonlinear load of a voltage source type, which may lead to the amplification effect of the load harmonic current. In this paper, the fundamental causes of harmonic current amplification were analyzed by studying the harmonic current amplification effect when a parallel APF compensates a nonlinear load. According to the results of the theoretical derivation, a feasible method to limit this current amplification effect by changing the system structure and the APF’s own control was proposed, and the corresponding design scheme is given. Finally, the correctness of the theoretical derivation of the harmonic current amplification effect and the feasibility of the proposed solution were proven through simulation and experiment

Silencing Mitosin Induces Misaligned Chromosomes, Premature Chromosome Decondensation before Anaphase Onset, and Mitotic Cell Death

Mitosin (also named CENP-F) is a large human nuclear protein transiently associated with the outer kinetochore plate in M phase. Using RNA interference and fluorescence microscopy, we showed that mitosin depletion attenuated chromosome congression and led to metaphase arrest with misaligned polar chromosomes whose kinetochores showed few cold-stable microtubules. Kinetochores of fully aligned chromosomes often failed to show orientation in the direction of the spindle long axis. Moreover, tension across their sister kinetochores was decreased by 53% on average. These phenotypes collectively imply defects in motor functions in mitosin-depleted cells and are similar to those of CENP-E depletion. Consistently, the intensities of CENP-E and cytoplasmic dynein and dynactin, which are motors controlling microtubule attachment and chromosome movement, were reduced at the kinetochore in a microtubule-dependent manner. In addition, after being arrested in pseudometaphase for approximately 2 h, mitosin-depleted cells died before anaphase initiation through apoptosis. The dying cells exhibited progressive chromosome arm decondensation, while the centromeres were still associated with spindles. Mitosin is therefore essential for full chromosome alignment, possibly by promoting proper kinetochore attachments through modulating CENP-E and dynein functions. Its depletion also prematurely triggers chromosome decondensation, a process that normally occurs from telophase for the nucleus reassembly, thus resulting in apoptosis